Since you have already figured out DIV classes there is nothing that can hold you back from changing them.
For featured text you can use something like
.featured-text {
font: 14px Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #fff;
background: #fff;
}
This is just basic idea, from there you can change it to whatever you like. No limits there
The same goes for .entry-meta
.entry-meta {
font: 14px Helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #fff;
background: #fff;
}
The actual code for .entry-meta is located in content-extensions.php if you want to edit that.
Above mentioned CSS code you can place (after your customizations) you can place inside Theme Options – Other – Custom CSS or inside Child Theme style.css if you use one.